published on 12/10/2024Capsaicin is the spicy compound par excellence, extracted from chili peppers of the Capsicum genus. This compound not only provides heat but also possesses surprising analgesic properties, making it an effective remedy in the medical field, particularly for treating chronic pain.
The Discovery of Capsaicin
Capsaicin was first isolated in 1816 by pharmacist Christian Bucholz. Its chemical composition was determined only in 1919. In the 1960s, the biosynthesis of capsaicin was finally understood, paving the way for broader clinical applications.
How Does Capsaicin Work?
Capsaicin acts as an agonist of vanilloid receptors (TRPV1), which are found on nerve fibers responsible for transmitting pain signals. These receptors can also be activated by changes in temperature, physical abrasion, and pH variations. Once activated, they allow sodium and calcium ions to flow into nerve cells, triggering a response that is perceived as pain by the brain.
Repeated use of capsaicin has a desensitizing effect on these nerve fibers, inhibiting the transmission of pain. This is due to the influx of calcium, which damages nerve cells and reduces the release of substances like substance P, a key pain mediator.
Clinical Benefits
Since the mid-1800s, capsaicin has been used as a remedy to treat pain, especially in topical preparations. Today, various studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in treating a range of chronic painful conditions, including:
Non-diabetic neuropathic pain
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Osteoarthritis
Chronic musculoskeletal pain
Burning mouth syndrome
Post-operative nausea
Itching and pruritus ani
Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis
A Natural Remedy with Endless Potential
Capsaicin is a perfect example of how a natural remedy can find innovative applications in the modern world. Beyond making food spicy, it continues to be studied for its analgesic capabilities, opening new pathways for managing chronic pain and inflammation.
