published on 14/09/2024When we talk about "chili peppers," we refer to a wide range of cultivars, each with its own unique characteristics, belonging to five different botanical species. This variety offers endless possibilities: every region, from Italy to Mexico, has its typical chili peppers, which vary in size, shape, and color, ranging from green to purple, and from red to yellow.
Capsicum annuum
The most common and widely cultivated species is Capsicum annuum. This group includes not only sweet peppers and friggitelli but also many of the most famous chili varieties. Among them, some Italian varieties stand out, such as Calabrese, along with other globally renowned varieties like jalapeño, cayenne, paprika, pimento, nuMex, diavolicchio, and charleston.
Capsicum baccatum
Native to Latin America, particularly countries like Bolivia and Peru, Capsicum baccatum is known for its moderate heat, which allows the flavor of the pepper to come through. This family includes aji, which is appreciated in cooking for its balance of flavor and heat, along with some ornamental varieties.
Capsicum frutescens Capsicum frutescens is famous for its highly spicy varieties, with tabasco being the most well-known, used for the famous sauce of the same name. These plants are distinguished by their small tree-like shape and are loved by those seeking a lively heat.
Capsicum chinense
For those seeking the hottest peppers, Capsicum chinense is the species to explore. It includes the world's hottest chilies, such as the Carolina Reaper, which holds the world record for Scoville heat units. This group also includes habanero, naga morich, and Trinidad Moruga Scorpion. These plants have a longer growing cycle and often require heated seedbeds or grow boxes.
Capsicum pubescens
Originating from South America, Capsicum pubescens is a species particularly resistant to cold, often cultivated at altitudes above 1500 meters in its native regions. Notable among its varieties is rocoto, known for its strong heat and hardiness.
How to Choose the Right Chili Pepper
Choosing the perfect chili pepper depends primarily on the intended use and personal taste. Extremely hot chilies, such as Carolina Reaper or Naga Morich, are great for those who enjoy a challenge and want to impress friends, as well as for making particularly hot sauces. However, for everyday cooking, many prefer moderate heat, like that of aji, which is more versatile and easier to incorporate into dishes.
